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Notation files have been created with the
Finale 2002b program. Finale is the most advanced notation program
available. Where works are in the public domain or the copyright owner has
granted permission, they have been reproduced in this program. Close
attention was paid to ensure that each piece notated reflects exactly as
the composer had created it. The only changes made are in making
corrections to missing accidentals and clearer directions in playing the
piece e.g. addition of coda and repeat markings. The following procedure
was used to notate a piece for voice and piano:
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1
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Open the Finale program. Document
Setup Wizard appears. Enter the title and composer. Enter the copyright
date if permission has been granted from the copyright owner. If the work
is in the public domain, enter nothing. Click on the Next button.
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2
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Under Score order, choose Choral. In
the left-most window, select Keyboard. In the middle window, select
Piano. Click on the Add button. Again n the left-most window, select
Chorus. In the middle window, select Voice. Click on the Add button.
Click on the Next button.
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3
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Select the time and key signature of
the work. Click on the Next button.
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4
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Specify initial tempo marking. Specify
pickup measure if there is one. Click on the Finish button. A template
appears in page view.
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5
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From the View menu, select Scroll view. Use the Zoom tool if preferred. Enter notes as they appear in
the score. Use different layers if necessary.
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6
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Using the Speedy Entry Tool, correct the positioning of the notes, change
beaming and positioning of notes if necessary and add courtesy
accidentals.
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7
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Using the Articulation Tool, add articulations to notes.
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8
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Under View, select Page View. Using the Mass Mover Tool move and the up and down arrow keys, move bars
of music up or down in the score to reflect the piece on which you are
working.
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9
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Using both the Page Layout Tool and the Resize Tool fit systems on each of the pages to reflect the
piece on which you are working.
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10
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Using the Repeat Tool, add repeats and coda markings.
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11
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Using the Measure Tool, add double bar lines and hide time signatures
where needed.
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12
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Using the Lyrics Tool, enter each verse of the lyrics. Edit word
extensions and adjust syllables where necessary.
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13
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From the Smart Shape Palette add slurs, octava, crescendo and decrescendo
markings.
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14
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Using the Expression tool, add expressions for loudness or softness,
fermatas, etc. Create other textual expressions where needed.
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15
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Using the Text Tool, correct or move the title and composer lines.
Add other text as needed such as additional verses.
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16
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Using the Staff Tool, delete or add Staff Attributes
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17
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Using the MIDI Tool, change dynamics in crescendo and decrescendos.
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18
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Print out the piece and make
corrections referring to the original piece.
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19
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After making all necessary
corrections, under File,
choose Save and name the
item. Choose a name that reflects the name that will be given to the .PDF
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20
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Upload the file to the Notation file
on the web server.
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Scanning
Most scanning has been done on the UMAX Astral
2000U scanner and the UMAX Vista Scan Version 3.5.4 software. It wasn't
always possible for the web master to access some material, so the
institution holding the sheet music scanned material. Scanning by these
institutions was done as closely as possible to the web master's
requirements. All images are scanned as jpeg images.
Photoshop 7.0 is used to resize images
and join images that have been separately scanned.
Some of the sheet music was too large for
the scanner and was scanned in two parts, then joined using Photoshop.
Covers were scanned differently from the music according to the following
settings of the scanner:
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Cover
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Music
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Flatbed (Reflective)
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Flatbed (Reflective)
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Color, RGB
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Color, RGB
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150 dpi
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150 dpi
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Art Print (175 DPI)
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No Descreen
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No Filter
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Sharpen
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100%
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100%
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Files are simply named according to the
number each piece is given. This makes for easy cutting and pasting between
html pages. For this project, each scan is given the name 'bc' followed by
the number given to the piece, a letter of the alphabet to reflect the
order of pages in the piece and the .jpg extension e.g. bc105a.jpg
- a) bc is the name b) 105 is the number assigned to the piece c) 'a'
represents the cover being scanned d) .jpg is the extension. When two scans
of each sheet has to be made, an additional letter of the alphabet is
assigned e.g. bc105aa.jpg and bc105ab.jpg. the former reflects the scan of
the top of the page; the latter reflects the scan of the bottom of the
page. Three images of each scan will be used. Photoshop will be used to
make two smaller sizes of the main image. The first image will be preserved
as the main image from which other sizes of images are made. The second
image will be used to view a larger version of the thumbnail. The third
image will be used as the thumbnail image.
Procedures for
Scanning:
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1
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Be sure the glass on the scanner is
clean. Do not spray directly on the glass of the scanner. Clean by
spraying cleaner on a cloth and wipe off dust and smudges.
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2
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Carefully place item carefully on
scanner keeping in mind preservation practices. If the item is too large
for the scanner, scan the top and bottom of the page separately (see Procedures
for Joining Images
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below.
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3
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For each scan, click on the
preferences box in the top right hand corner, choose Scan destination, click on Setting. Rename the image according to the number
assigned for the piece of music e.g. bc105a.jpg for the cover, bc105b.jpg
for the first page of music, etc. Choose a destination for the file.
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4
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Change settings according to whether
you are scanning a cover or the music (see settings above
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5
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Preview the item. Adjust the image by
dragging the dotted line around the image.
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6
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Scan each page as a separate image.
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Procedures for
Resizing Images:
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1
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Open Photoshop and under File, choose Open. Locate the image you want to resize.
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2
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Under Image, choose Image size. Under Document size, choose percent from the drop-down menu. Enter
50 in the Width box. Click
OK.
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3
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Under File, select Save As.. After the letter of the alphabet in the name
already assigned, insert the word 'smaller'. Choose a destination to save
the file and click on Save. Be sure that the Format selected is JPEG in
the drop-down menu. This will be the image that will be displayed after
clicking the thumbnail.
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4
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Reopen the main image you were working
on in step 1.
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5
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Under Image, choose Image size. Under Document size, choose percent from the drop-down menu. Enter
4 in the Width box. Click
OK.
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6
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Under File, select Save As...After the letter of the alphabet in the name already
assigned, insert the word 'thumb'. Choose a destination to save the file
and click on Save. Be sure
that the Format selected is JPEG in the drop-down menu. This will be the
thumbnail image that you click on to bring up the 'smaller' image.
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Procedures for
Joining Images:
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1
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Open Photoshop and under File, choose Open. Locate the first image you want to join.
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2
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Under Image, choose Rotate Canvas and select 90o CCW or 90o CW depending on the direction you want to rotate the image.
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3
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Repeat steps
1 and 2 for the second image you want to join. Note the image
width by selecting Image, Image
Size.
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4
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Under File, select New. In the Width box, enter the width you noted in step 3. Estimate the height that will be
needed, and insert it in the Height box
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4
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For the first image that was rotated,
under Select, choose All. Under Edit, choose Copy. Paste the first image in the New document you
created by selecting Edit
and choosing Paste. Repeat
for the second image. Use the Move Tool to join the two images. If the
final image is too large or small, note the height in the ruler. Repeat step 4 selecting another new document.
Enter the new height and the width you noted in step 3. Copy and paste the images once again adjusting
their position with the Move Tool.
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5
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Under File, select Save As... In the Format pull-down menu, select JPEG. Rename the file
e.g. bc105aa.jpg and bc105ab.jp will now be named bc105a.jpg. Select a
destination for the file and click Save.
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Sound files
Most of the sound files are MIDI files
simply created from the Finale notation of each piece. As most of the
accompaniment for the pieces in this project, acoustic grand piano has been
used for the playback instrument. There are a few .mp3 files in this
project and more will be added when recordings of this material are found
and permission to use them has been granted by the copyright holder.
The Finale program, although arguably
the best notation program, is limited in some of its playback features. For
example, in a repeat of a section where it is required to play additional
notes in the repeat, Finale cannot handle this. A second notation program
of the piece has then been created with extra bars of music added that
contain the additional notes e.g. see page 2 of Cariboo march. This is then
saved as the MIDI file and used as the file the console plays.
MIDI files can also sound 'tinny'. The
sound can be improved by investing in a better sound card and speakers.
Eighth notes can often sound like dotted notes and endings are often
somewhat abrupt unless there is a fermata at the end of each piece. The new
version of Finale 2004 contains a new feature called Human Playback, which
vastly improves the sound of MIDI files. This version is not yet available
for the Macintosh computer, the computer of choice used in this project.
However, PC users have found that sound is greatly improved with this new
innovation.
Procedures for Creating
MIDI files:
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1
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After creating the piece in Finale and
making all final changes, choose File and Save As...
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2
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Under the Format drop-down menu, choose Standard MIDI File.
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3
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Rename the file the same name as the
jpeg file for that piece e.g. bc105.mid. Choose a destination for the
file and click on Save.
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4
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Under MIDI file type, select the radio button Format 1. Click OK.
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5
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Upload file to the midi folder of the
web server.
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Pdf files
Pdf files have been created to give a
clean copy of the notation. Some original scores are in bad shape and
sometimes difficult to read. Other copies were handwritten and/or faded.
Pdf files are created from the Finale notation.
Procedures for
Creating Pdf files:
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1
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Open the Finale file in the
Finale notation program. The file first has to be saved as a postscript
file.
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2
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Under File, choose Compile PostScript listing... If not already selected, choose Compile :
Score, Page range : All, Orientation : Portrait. Be sure the Include
all fonts box is checked.
Click the Compile button.
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3
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Choose a file name which best
represents the piece e.g. name Cariboo march cariboomarch.ps
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4
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Choose a destination for the
file and click on the Save button
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5
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Open the Acrobat Distiller
program.
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6
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Under File, choose Open. Locate
the .ps file you created.
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7
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Keep the same name as was given
in the .ps file. Choose a destination for the file and click Save.
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8
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Upload the file to the
notationpdf file on the web server. Note: Upload file as 'raw data'.
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